{"id":2398,"date":"2020-03-25T09:45:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T09:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/?p=2398"},"modified":"2023-04-17T09:22:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:22:26","slug":"co-je-to-virus-a-ako-sa-objavil-novy-typ-koronavirusu-sars-cov2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/blog\/co-je-to-virus-a-ako-sa-objavil-novy-typ-koronavirusu-sars-cov2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to v\u00edrus a ako sa objavil nov\u00fd typ koronav\u00edrusu SARS-CoV2?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010co je to v\u00edrus?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edrus je mal\u00e1 parazitick\u00e1 \u010dastica, ktor\u00e1 sa sama nedok\u00e1\u017ee reprodukova\u0165. Na reprodukciu vy\u017eaduje spolu\u00fa\u010das\u0165 nejakej vhodnej hostite\u013eskej bunky, ktorou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj bakt\u00e9rie, aj bunky rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V momente, ke\u010f sa v\u00edrusu podar\u00ed infikova\u0165 hostite\u013esk\u00fa bunku, m\u00f4\u017ee nasmerova\u0165 bunkov\u00e9 mechanizmy na produkciu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch v\u00edrusov. Cel\u00e1 infek\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00edrusov\u00e1 \u010dastica, ktor\u00fa naz\u00fdvame viri\u00f3n, pozost\u00e1va iba z nukleovej kyseliny (bu\u010f DNA alebo RNA) a prote\u00ednov\u00e9ho obalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto prote\u00ednov\u00e9ho obalu s\u00fa prote\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 viaza\u0165 sa na povrchov\u00e9 receptory hostite\u013esk\u00fdch buniek. Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee r\u00f4zne typy v\u00edrusov a rovnako aj r\u00f4zne typy hostite\u013esk\u00fdch buniek, maj\u00fa na svojom povrchu r\u00f4zne zlo\u017eenie prote\u00ednov. A pr\u00e1ve toto je d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do niektor\u00e9 v\u00edrusy infikuj\u00fa len bunky netopierov, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 v\u00edrusy infikuj\u00fa bunky bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niekedy v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k takej mut\u00e1cii v nukleovej kyseline v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00e1 zmen\u00ed zlo\u017eenie prote\u00ednov na povrchu tak, \u017ee v\u00edrus je n\u00e1sledne schopn\u00fd infikova\u0165 aj in\u00fd typ hostite\u013eskej bunky, ako bol schopn\u00fd doposia\u013e. Pr\u00e1ve k tomuto do\u0161lo pravdepodobne v koronav\u00edruse SARS-CoVZXC21, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4vodne infikoval netopiere.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Z genomickej anal\u00fdzy nov\u00e9ho typu v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd bol izolovan\u00fd od pacienta po n\u00e1v\u0161teve mesta Wuhan v \u010c\u00edne toti\u017e vyplynulo, \u017ee zlo\u017eenie nukleovej kyseliny tohto v\u00edrusu je na 89 % zhodn\u00e9 s u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fdm v\u00edrusom netopierov SARS-CoVZXC21, pri\u010dom s \u013eudsk\u00fdm koronav\u00edrusom SARS-CoV to bolo na 82 %. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu bol tento nov\u00fd v\u00edrus nazvan\u00fd ako SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1zov koronav\u00edrus poch\u00e1dza z latinsk\u00e9ho slova coronam, \u010do znamen\u00e1 koruna a je to z toho d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee pod elektr\u00f3nov\u00fdm mikroskopom pripom\u00edna tvarom pr\u00e1ve slne\u010dn\u00fa korunu. Zistilo sa, \u017ee jeho jednovl\u00e1knov\u00fd RNA gen\u00f3m obsahuje 29891 nukleotidov, ktor\u00e9 k\u00f3duj\u00fa 9860 aminokysel\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 sa pren\u00e1\u0161a z \u010dloveka na \u010dloveka bu\u010f priamym kontaktom alebo kvap\u00f4\u010dkami pri rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed alebo vyka\u0161liavan\u00ed.<\/strong> Odhaduje sa, \u017ee inkuba\u010dn\u00e1 doba infekcie je v trvan\u00ed 2 \u2013 14 dn\u00ed, \u010do je d\u00f4vodom r\u00fdchleho \u0161\u00edrenia v\u00edrusu najm\u00e4 od asymptomatick\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00edrus sp\u00f4sobuje ochorenie COVID-19, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov miernu, niekedy dokonca bezpr\u00edznakov\u00fa formu. Pri miernej forme s\u00fa pr\u00edznaky podobn\u00e9 chr\u00edpkov\u00e9mu ochoreniu, ako je hor\u00fa\u010dka, ka\u0161e\u013e, \u010di lapanie po dychu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ako je napr\u00edklad z\u00e1pal p\u013e\u00fac. Je to najm\u00e4 u star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed a \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed trpia nejak\u00fdm chronick\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm, ako je ochorenie srdca, ochorenie p\u013e\u00fac alebo diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lie\u010dba ochorenia COVID-19 je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti len symptomatick\u00e1 a pr\u00e1ve preto je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 prevencia, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a d\u00f4kladn\u00fa hygienu, vyh\u00fdbanie sa frekventovan\u00fdm miestam a dostato\u010dn\u00e9 posilnenie imunity, ktor\u00e1 zohr\u00e1va pri boji s v\u00edrusom k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Lai, C.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    1. Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., &amp; Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 105924.<\/li>
    2. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK21523\/<\/li>
    3. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554776\/<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u010co je to v\u00edrus? V\u00edrus je mal\u00e1 parazitick\u00e1 \u010dastica, ktor\u00e1 sa sama nedok\u00e1\u017ee reprodukova\u0165. Na reprodukciu vy\u017eaduje spolu\u00fa\u010das\u0165 nejakej vhodnej hostite\u013eskej bunky, ktorou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj bakt\u00e9rie, aj bunky rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. V momente, ke\u010f sa v\u00edrusu podar\u00ed infikova\u0165 hostite\u013esk\u00fa bunku, m\u00f4\u017ee nasmerova\u0165 bunkov\u00e9 mechanizmy na produkciu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch v\u00edrusov. Cel\u00e1 infek\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00edrusov\u00e1 \u010dastica, ktor\u00fa naz\u00fdvame viri\u00f3n, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[63],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-2398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-zaujimavosti"],"acf":[],"views":2027,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2398"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1352805,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398\/revisions\/1352805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2398"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=2398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}