{"id":2388,"date":"2019-10-01T11:42:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-01T11:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/?p=2388"},"modified":"2023-04-17T09:22:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:22:26","slug":"5-veci-ktore-by-ste-mali-vediet-o-testovani-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/blog\/5-veci-ktore-by-ste-mali-vediet-o-testovani-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"5 vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by ste mali vedie\u0165 o testovan\u00ed DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA zameran\u00e1 na predpovedanie rizika ochoren\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l predch\u00e1dza\u0165 ochoreniam a zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u017eivoty. Technol\u00f3gie testovania DNA sa rokmi zlep\u0161uj\u00fa a spolu s t\u00fdm klesaj\u00fa aj samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Austr\u00e1lska vl\u00e1da sa rozhodla investova\u0165 do genomiky, pri\u010dom chce uskuto\u010dni\u0165 univerz\u00e1lny popula\u010dn\u00fd skr\u00edning DNA.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na zistenie rizika ochoren\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad rakoviny, \u010di srdcovo-cievnych ochoren\u00ed je potrebn\u00e1 len vzorka sl\u00edn, pr\u00edpadne krvi. Napriek tomu, \u017ee s\u00fa tieto ochorenia v rodin\u00e1ch \u010dast\u00e9, prevenciou sa im d\u00e1 pred\u00eds\u0165.<\/em><\/em> Identifik\u00e1cia markerov, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ochorenie m\u00e1te, pr\u00edpadne, \u017ee ho dostanete. Je to pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na prevenciu, e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ako sa objavia prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky. Prevenciu je mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 pravideln\u00fdmi kontrolami, zmenou \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, liekmi, alebo dokonca oper\u00e1ciami, ktor\u00e9 riziko zn\u00ed\u017eia. Tieto nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 oblas\u0165 genomiky pon\u00faka, by mali prinies\u0165 zmeny v oblasti prevencie verejn\u00e9ho zdravia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje v\u0161ak mno\u017estvo v\u00fdziev. Ak by sme poskytli anal\u00fdzu DNA mili\u00f3nom \u013eud\u00ed, sme pripraven\u00ed poskytn\u00fa\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm osob\u00e1m potrebn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 slu\u017eby vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z testu? Mohlo by testovanie sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 viac \u0161kody ako \u00fa\u017eitku a vies\u0165 k nadmernej diagnostike? Chc\u00fa by\u0165 \u013eudia testovan\u00ed?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Koncepcia skr\u00edningu DNA v popul\u00e1cii je sk\u013eu\u010duj\u00faca, no prin\u00e1\u0161a obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Tu je p\u00e4\u0165 vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by ste mali vedie\u0165:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Anal\u00fdza DNA identifikuje riziko, nie je kri\u0161t\u00e1\u013eov\u00e1 gu\u013ea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z testu DNA sa nedozvieme v\u0161etko. Test odhaduje riziko pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy ochoren\u00ed, napr\u00edklad tie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zmenami v jednom g\u00e9ne. Tieto ochorenia s\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 od in\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, pri ktor\u00fdch sa genetick\u00e9 riziko hromad\u00ed v stovk\u00e1ch g\u00e9nov a je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ho predv\u00edda\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi kandid\u00e1tov na anal\u00fdzu DNA patria r\u00f4zne typy onkologick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, ako je rakovina prsn\u00edka, \u010di kolorekt\u00e1lny karcin\u00f3m, ale aj napr\u00edklad dedi\u010dn\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu, \u010di r\u00f4zne ochorenia srdca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 riziko pre tieto ochorenia je \u010dasto identifikovan\u00e9 pr\u00edli\u0161 neskoro \u2013 po diagnostikovan\u00ed rakoviny, alebo po \u00famrt\u00ed na z\u00e1stavu srdca. Obmedzen\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty na zdravie v praxi znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee testovanie vybran\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed sa zvy\u010dajne poskytuje len rodinn\u00fdm pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkom, kde bolo v minulosti diagnostikovan\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 ochorenie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tis\u00edcom \u013eud\u00ed ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa testy DNA, ktor\u00e9 by mohli zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u017eivot, pr\u00edpadne zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 stavu, ktor\u00fd im potenci\u00e1lne hroz\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Anal\u00fdza DNA by mohla zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 r\u00f4znym typom genetick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e dnes existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne prevent\u00edvne opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia na zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika mnoh\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad r\u00f4zne programy na sledovanie rizika vzniku niektor\u00fdch rakov\u00edn. Tieto programy m\u00f4\u017eu odhali\u0165 pr\u00edznaky v ranom (a lie\u010dite\u013enom) \u0161t\u00e1diu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes u\u017e taktie\u017e pozn\u00e1me niektor\u00e9 lieky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko r\u00f4znych ochoren\u00ed, pr\u00edpadne s\u00fa k\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii prevent\u00edvne oper\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Anal\u00fdza DNA by mohla by\u0165 n\u00e1kladovo-efekt\u00edvna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edpadov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia bola po\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 na austr\u00e1lskej popul\u00e1cii. S najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bud\u00fa ma\u0165 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u017eitok z testovania mlad\u00ed dospel\u00ed \u013eudia vo veku 18-25 rokov (\u010do predstavuje pribli\u017ene 2,6 mili\u00f3na Austr\u00e1l\u010danov). V\u00fdpo\u010dty pri modelovom skr\u00edningu \u0161tyroch dobre zn\u00e1mych onkologick\u00fdch g\u00e9nov uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee len tieto g\u00e9ny by zabr\u00e1nili 2 421 rakovin\u00e1m a zachr\u00e1nili by 1 270 \u017eivotov v Austr\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri odhadovanej hodnote 400 dol\u00e1rov za test by tak\u00e9to celoplo\u0161n\u00e9 testovanie st\u00e1lo austr\u00e1lsku vl\u00e1du okolo 600 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. Odhady v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee skr\u00edning by u\u0161etril pribli\u017ene 300 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov pou\u017eit\u00fdch na lie\u010dbu rakoviny. Ak by sa suma za test DNA pohybovala na \u00farovni 200 dol\u00e1rov, \u00faspory n\u00e1kladov na lie\u010dbu by prev\u00e1\u017eili n\u00e1klady na skr\u00edning, u\u0161etrili vl\u00e1de peniaze a\u00a0hlavne by zachr\u00e1nili \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Anal\u00fdza DNA vyvol\u00e1va etick\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Napriek svojmu potenci\u00e1lu zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u017eivoty a peniaze, skr\u00edning DNA vyvol\u00e1va aj etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa obavy zo straty \u201es\u00fakromia DNA\u201c, diskrimin\u00e1cie v s\u00favislosti s poisten\u00edm, alebo jednoducho s \u201epr\u00e1vom nevedie\u0165\u201c. U testovania DNA, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148a rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov, sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 napr\u00edklad aj probl\u00e9m s otcovstvom. Etick\u00e9 postoje sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v z\u00e1vislosti od n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch a kult\u00farnych skup\u00edn, otv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00e9 t\u00e9my a ot\u00e1zky, o ktor\u00fdch je potrebn\u00e9 diskutova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Celoplo\u0161n\u00e1 anal\u00fdza DNA bude v bud\u00facnosti re\u00e1lna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S klesaj\u00facimi n\u00e1kladmi na test DNA sa popula\u010dn\u00fd skr\u00edning financovan\u00fd z verejn\u00fdch zdrojov st\u00e1va \u010doraz viac realistickej\u0161\u00ed, najm\u00e4 vo vyspel\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Kedy sa podobnou ot\u00e1zkou bude zaobera\u0165 aj vl\u00e1da na Slovensku je e\u0161te ve\u013emi ot\u00e1zne. Av\u0161ak u\u017e dnes m\u00e1te v\u010faka DNA ERA k dispoz\u00edcii testovanie genetick\u00fdch predispoz\u00edci\u00ed na mnoh\u00e9 ochorenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. http:\/\/theconversation.com\/population-dna-testing-for-disease-risk-is-coming-here-are-five-things-to-know-112522<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Anal\u00fdza DNA zameran\u00e1 na predpovedanie rizika ochoren\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l predch\u00e1dza\u0165 ochoreniam a zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u017eivoty. Technol\u00f3gie testovania DNA sa rokmi zlep\u0161uj\u00fa a spolu s t\u00fdm klesaj\u00fa aj samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Austr\u00e1lska vl\u00e1da sa rozhodla investova\u0165 do genomiky, pri\u010dom chce uskuto\u010dni\u0165 univerz\u00e1lny popula\u010dn\u00fd skr\u00edning DNA. Na zistenie rizika ochoren\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad rakoviny, \u010di srdcovo-cievnych ochoren\u00ed je potrebn\u00e1 len […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,59],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-2388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test"],"acf":[],"views":6103,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2388"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1352399,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2388\/revisions\/1352399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2388"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=2388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}