{"id":1389273,"date":"2024-02-02T13:45:48","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T12:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/?p=1389273"},"modified":"2025-02-10T14:29:21","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T13:29:21","slug":"kolorektalny-karcinom-slovensko-na-cele-nelichotiveho-rebricka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/blog\/kolorektalny-karcinom-slovensko-na-cele-nelichotiveho-rebricka\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolorekt\u00e1lny karcin\u00f3m: Slovensko na \u010dele nelichotiv\u00e9ho rebr\u00ed\u010dka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kolorekt\u00e1lny karcin\u00f3m, zn\u00e1my aj pod pojmom rakovina hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva a kone\u010dn\u00edka, je pod\u013ea \u00fadajov Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO) tre\u0165ou naj\u010dastej\u0161ou rakovinou postihuj\u00facou mu\u017eov a \u017eeny. Mu\u017ei s\u00fa pritom ohrozenej\u0161\u00ed v o nie\u010do mlad\u0161om veku ako \u017eeny, av\u0161ak tento probl\u00e9m sa vyskytuje u \u010doraz mlad\u0161\u00edch pacientov. Na Slovensku je v\u00fdskyt ochorenia alarmuj\u00faci, ke\u010f sa rad\u00ed na popredn\u00e9 prie\u010dky v \u00famrtnosti v r\u00e1mci Eur\u00f3py, ale aj cel\u00e9ho sveta. Na Slovensku pribudne ro\u010dne cca 4000 nov\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edznaky kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v po\u010diatku ochorenia iba mierne, pr\u00edpadne sa nemusia prejavi\u0165 v\u00f4bec. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa prejavuje vo forme z\u00e1pchy, hna\u010dky (pr\u00edpadne ich \u010dastom striedan\u00ed), rekt\u00e1lneho krv\u00e1cania a krvi v stolici, ale aj vo forme nafukovania, k\u0155\u010doch a bolestiach brucha. Tieto pr\u00edznaky m\u00f4\u017eu s\u00favisie\u0165 aj s menej z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami, ako hemoroidy \u010di Crohnova choroba, ale ak sa objavuj\u00fa po\u010das dlh\u0161ieho obdobia, je namieste absolvova\u0165 vy\u0161etrenie na v\u010dasn\u00e9 diagnostikovanie o ak\u00fd probl\u00e9m sa jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1zach sa m\u00f4\u017eu objavova\u0165 pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 nebud\u00fa ma\u0165 vplyv u\u017e iba v\u00fdlu\u010dne na tr\u00e1viaci trakt, ale m\u00f4\u017eu sa prejavova\u0165 aj na zvy\u0161ku tela. Typicky ide o n\u00e1hle chudnutie, nechutenstvo, nevo\u013enos\u0165, zvracanie, ale aj celkov\u00fa slabos\u0165 a \u00fanavu. Pri v\u00fdskyte t\u00fdchto pr\u00edznakov je n\u00e1v\u0161teva lek\u00e1ra nevyhnutn\u00e1 v \u010do najkrat\u0161om \u010dase. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika a zah\u00e1jenie lie\u010dby m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u0161ance na n\u00e1vrat k be\u017en\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lek\u00e1ri \u010dasto odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa absolvovanie prevent\u00edvnych skr\u00edningov\u00fdch testov \u013eu\u010fom bez zn\u00e1mok ochorenia, preto\u017ee v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje \u0161ance na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa lie\u010dbu. Vy\u0161etrenie je tie\u017e nariaden\u00e9 v 50. roku \u017eivota, ale v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdskytu rizikov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed ako cukrovka alebo Crohnova choroba m\u00f4\u017ee lek\u00e1r nariadi\u0165 skr\u00edning aj sk\u00f4r. Rovnako m\u00f4\u017ee postupova\u0165 v pr\u00edpade genetick\u00fdch predispoz\u00edci\u00ed. DNA-testy m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 odhali\u0165 mut\u00e1cie v organizme. V pr\u00edpade, ak sa ich v organizme nazbiera viac, ich spolo\u010dn\u00fd efekt na rozvoj ochorenia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prevencia kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prevenciou a spr\u00e1vnymi n\u00e1vykmi mo\u017eno riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu v\u00fdrazne eliminova\u0165. Jedn\u00e1 sa pritom o jednoduch\u00e9 kroky a \u010dinnosti v be\u017enom \u017eivote, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vzniku mnoh\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d. 1 \u2013 Nezab\u00fadajte na pohyb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadie uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu sa pri pravidelnom pohybe zni\u017euje o 25 – 50% v porovnan\u00ed so \u017eiadnou, pr\u00edpadne ob\u010dasnou fyzickou aktivitou. Sta\u010d\u00ed si vybra\u0165 prakticky ak\u00fdko\u013evek pohyb, \u010di to bude ch\u00f4dza, cyklistika, pr\u00e1ca v z\u00e1hrade alebo ak\u00e1ko\u013evek in\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d. 2 \u2013 Sledujte svoju telesn\u00fa v\u00e1hu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nadv\u00e1ha a obezita s\u00fa po faj\u010den\u00ed najviac rizikov\u00e9 faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face vznik rakoviny, pri\u010dom je dok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee s\u00favis\u00ed minim\u00e1lne s 11 r\u00f4znymi typmi rakoviny. U mu\u017eov s nadv\u00e1hou je riziko vzniku kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu a\u017e o 50% vy\u0161\u0161ie ne\u017e u mu\u017eov s norm\u00e1lnou v\u00e1hou. U \u017eien je toto riziko vy\u0161\u0161ie o pribli\u017ene 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d. 3 \u2013 Dbajte na stravu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea International Agency for Research on Cancer je konzum\u00e1cia \u010derven\u00e9ho m\u00e4sa (steak, hamburger, brav\u010dov\u00e9 m\u00e4so, at\u010f.) potenci\u00e1lne karcinog\u00e9nne. Strava by mala by\u0165 naopak obohaten\u00e1 o v\u00e1pnik, vitam\u00edn D a r\u00f4zne druhy ovocia a zeleniny. M\u00e4so pritom nie je potrebn\u00e9 vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 \u00faplne, ale odpor\u00fa\u010da sa jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 obmedzenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d. 4 \u2013  Pozor na alkohol a faj\u010denie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je dok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee faj\u010denie je hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou minim\u00e1lne 14 druhov rakoviny, vr\u00e1tane kolorekt\u00e1lneho karcin\u00f3mu. Okrem toho m\u00e1 vplyv aj na vznik \u010fal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. Pri pravidelnej konzum\u00e1cii alkoholu (2 – 3 n\u00e1poje denne) sa zvy\u0161uje riziko vzniku rakoviny hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva a kone\u010dn\u00edka o 20% v porovnan\u00ed s \u013eu\u010fmi nekonzumuj\u00facimi alkohol. Pri konzum\u00e1cii viac ako 3 alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov denne sa toto riziko zvy\u0161uje a\u017e o 40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krok \u010d. 5 \u2013 Nebojte sa prehliadok<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladom \u00faspe\u0161nej lie\u010dby je presn\u00e9 stanovenie diagn\u00f3zy. Na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov o krv\u00e1can\u00ed, o druhu bolesti, o d\u013a\u017eke pretrv\u00e1vania \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed, o stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vykoch a \u017eivotnom \u0161t\u00fdle a pod, lek\u00e1r stanov\u00ed pl\u00e1n vy\u0161etren\u00ed. Zvy\u010dajne sa sklad\u00e1 z rekt\u00e1lneho palpa\u010dn\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia a endoskopick\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenie rektoskopom, pri ktorom sa vy\u0161etruje kone\u010dn\u00edk do h\u013abky 15 cm. Pomocou prevent\u00edvnej rektoskopie je mo\u017en\u00e9 odhali\u0165 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 polypov a n\u00e1dorov kone\u010dn\u00edka. Z polypov vznik\u00e1 rakovina v priebehu 5-10 rokov, preto ich odstr\u00e1nenie je najlep\u0161ou prevenciou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacientom star\u0161\u00edm ako 40 rokov proktol\u00f3govia odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa vykona\u0165 rektoskopiu najmenej raz ro\u010dne, aby predi\u0161li rakovine kone\u010dn\u00edka. Najlep\u0161ou prevenciou po 50-tom roku \u017eivota je prevent\u00edvna kolonoskopia. Pri negat\u00edvnom vy\u0161etren\u00ed a bez rodinnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed zopakova\u0165 kolonoskopiu po 10 rokoch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u010cl\u00e1nok pripravil: MUDr. Ivan Sedl\u00e1k, PhD., MPH 
Chirurg, proktol\u00f3g medic\u00ednskeho centra DoktorPRO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inform\u00e1cie a \u0161tatistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje
Anticancer Fund: www.anticancerfund.org 
European Society for Medical Oncology: www.esmo.org
Mayo Clinic: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/colon-cancer\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20353669<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolorekt\u00e1lny karcin\u00f3m, zn\u00e1my aj pod pojmom rakovina hrub\u00e9ho \u010dreva a kone\u010dn\u00edka, je pod\u013ea \u00fadajov Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO) tre\u0165ou naj\u010dastej\u0161ou rakovinou postihuj\u00facou mu\u017eov a \u017eeny. Mu\u017ei s\u00fa pritom ohrozenej\u0161\u00ed v o nie\u010do mlad\u0161om veku ako \u017eeny, av\u0161ak tento probl\u00e9m sa vyskytuje u \u010doraz mlad\u0161\u00edch pacientov. Na Slovensku je v\u00fdskyt ochorenia alarmuj\u00faci, ke\u010f sa rad\u00ed na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":869,"featured_media":1389276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,59,111,63,30],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1389273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test","tag-predispozicia","tag-zaujimavosti","tag-zdravie"],"acf":[],"views":1335,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1389273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/869"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1389273"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1389273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1409215,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1389273\/revisions\/1409215"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1389276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1389273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1389273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1389273"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1389273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}