{"id":1368972,"date":"2022-07-08T14:51:41","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T12:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/?p=1368972"},"modified":"2023-04-17T09:21:50","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:21:50","slug":"melanom-prevencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/blog\/melanom-prevencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Melan\u00f3m \u2013 ako sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred t\u00fdmto agres\u00edvnym typom n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho ochorenia?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>S pr\u00edchodom letn\u00fdch mesiacov sa sp\u00e1ja viacero pozit\u00edv. Tepl\u00e9 po\u010dasie n\u00e1s l\u00e1ka tr\u00e1vi\u0165 viac \u010dasu vonku a oddychova\u0165 na dovolenk\u00e1ch v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta. Je v\u0161ak ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 myslie\u0165 aj na rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 so sebou toto obdobie prin\u00e1\u0161a. Jedn\u00fdm z najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch riz\u00edk je zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my pod pojmom \u201emelan\u00f3m\u201c, niekedy nespr\u00e1vne ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako \u201erakovina ko\u017ee\u201c. <\/em><em>Z vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee riziko rozvoja melan\u00f3mu je ovplyvnen\u00e9 genetickou predispoz\u00edciou a\u017e do miery 58 %.<\/em><em> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o ochoren\u00ed a prevent\u00edvnych krokoch<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010co je melan\u00f3m?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Melan\u00f3m je typ n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho ochorenia, ktor\u00e9 postihuje bunky zn\u00e1me pod ozna\u010den\u00edm melanocyty. Hlavnou \u00falohou melanocytov je produkcia melan\u00ednu, \u010do je pigment, ktor\u00fd chr\u00e1ni bunky pred po\u0161koden\u00edm zo slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. \u010c\u00edm viac melan\u00ednu si vie na\u0161e telo produkova\u0165, t\u00fdm tmav\u0161ia bude na\u0161a poko\u017eka, vlasy a o\u010di, \u010do z\u00e1rove\u0148 vedie aj k lep\u0161ej ochrane pred negat\u00edvnymi vplyvmi ultrafialov\u00e9ho (UV) \u017eiarenia zo slnka. Melanocyty sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela, a preto je nespr\u00e1vne melan\u00f3m ozna\u010dova\u0165 ako rakovinu ko\u017ee. Je s\u00edce pravda, \u017ee melan\u00f3m sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuje na ko\u017ei, najm\u00e4 v oblasti znamienok, kde je ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia melanocytov, objavi\u0165 sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee kdeko\u013evek na tele, vr\u00e1tane napr\u00edklad oka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako melan\u00f3m vznik\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Melan\u00f3m vznik\u00e1 po premene norm\u00e1lnej bunky na tzv. rakovinov\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 viacer\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 charakteristiky, ako je napr\u00edklad neregulovan\u00e9 delenie, ktor\u00e9 vedie k samotn\u00e9mu rastu n\u00e1doru. K tejto premene doch\u00e1dza po s\u00e9rii viacer\u00fdch mut\u00e1ci\u00ed v k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach DNA. K t\u00fdmto mut\u00e1ci\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee doch\u00e1dza\u0165 z viacer\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov, k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161ak tri oblasti:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>na\u0161a genetika,&nbsp;<\/li><li>n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl a prostredie, v akom \u017eijeme,&nbsp;<\/li><li>a v neposlednom rade tzv. faktor n\u00e1hody.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1368973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/07\/melanomcheck-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na riziko rozvoja vpl\u00fdva aj genetika<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee <strong>riziko rozvoja melan\u00f3mu je ovplyvnen\u00e9 genetickou predispoz\u00edciou a\u017e do miery 58 %<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161a genetika zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri individu\u00e1lnej n\u00e1chylnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s k rozvoju ochorenia. Jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov, ak\u00fdm genetika ovplyv\u0148uje toto riziko, je pr\u00e1ve vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00e1 produkcia melan\u00ednu a s \u0148ou s\u00favisiaca ochrana pred slne\u010dn\u00fdm UV \u017eiaren\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/N0rGiW9_dMAGDAAp4pXqV7yUSSSm2wOJGRfKl2znUbvp0FrS3ZmVVqcGBnt4Tup8DhF0JJ16wtsENrC1YwwWU7wr8vLQuAEtCAgW-N1wQgl8byLASB4mC5VUM_PkrW7ll5nEL7wQd4y8FHF-p1yViBo\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017divotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl a prostredie&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161iu \u00falohu pri rozvoji melan\u00f3mu zohr\u00e1va vystavovanie sa UV \u017eiareniu zo slnka. UV \u017eiarenie m\u00e1 toti\u017eto schopnos\u0165 sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 mut\u00e1cie v DNA, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dasom vies\u0165 k samotn\u00e9mu rozvoju ochorenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktor n\u00e1hody&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K vzniku mut\u00e1ci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee doch\u00e1dza\u0165 v na\u0161om tele aj \u00faplne prirodzene a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu nevieme \u017eiadnym sp\u00f4sobom. Pri ka\u017edom jednom delen\u00ed bunky sa toti\u017e odohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd proces, a to je kop\u00edrovanie DNA. Enz\u00fdm, tzv. DNA polymer\u00e1za, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 toto kop\u00edrovanie na starosti, v\u0161ak nie je bezchybn\u00fd. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s ur\u010ditou frekvenciou rob\u00ed pri kop\u00edrovan\u00ed chyby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161ak vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi opravn\u00fdmi mechanizmami. Ob\u010das v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee chyba nie je odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 a zafixuje sa do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako sa viem chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred vznikom melan\u00f3mu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom pri prevencii n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane melan\u00f3mu, je chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred vznikom mut\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm vieme na\u0161\u00edm spr\u00e1van\u00edm zamedzi\u0165. Jedn\u00e1 sa teda najm\u00e4 o dostato\u010dn\u00fa ochranu pred UV \u017eiaren\u00edm zo slnka. K tejto ochrane m\u00f4\u017eu prispie\u0165 viacer\u00e9 kroky, vr\u00e1tane vyu\u017eitia opa\u013eovac\u00edch kr\u00e9mov s ochrann\u00fdm faktorom minim\u00e1lne 30, \u010di nosenia kvalitn\u00fdch slne\u010dn\u00fdch okuliarov s UV filtrom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dia\u013e, n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm ochoreniam, a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom aj melan\u00f3mu, nevieme zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faplne. Je to z toho d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee k ich rozvoju prispieva vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00fd faktor n\u00e1hody. Pr\u00e1ve preto je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pri n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch ochoreniach ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 myslie\u0165 na prevent\u00edvne prehliadky u lek\u00e1ra. V\u010faka t\u00fdmto prehliadkam vieme zachyti\u0165 potenci\u00e1lny probl\u00e9m v\u010das, \u010do je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre efekt\u00edvnu lie\u010dbu. \u0160tatistiky uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u0161anca na pre\u017eitie 5 rokov po diagnostikovan\u00ed melan\u00f3mu kles\u00e1 z viac ako 90 %, pokia\u013e je identifikovan\u00fd v\u010das, na menej ako 30 %, pokia\u013e je odhalen\u00fd pr\u00edli\u0161 neskoro. Pr\u00e1ve preto sa v r\u00e1mci prevencie odpor\u00fa\u010da nav\u0161tevova\u0165 dermatol\u00f3ga minim\u00e1lne raz ro\u010dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Okrem pravideln\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161tev lek\u00e1ra je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sledova\u0165 si najrizikovej\u0161ie miesta na tele aj samostatne. <\/strong>Pri melan\u00f3me sa jedn\u00e1 najm\u00e4 o znamienka. Ur\u010dite nav\u0161t\u00edvte lek\u00e1ra \u010do najsk\u00f4r, pokia\u013e spozorujete znamienko, ktor\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>m\u00e1 asymetrick\u00fd tvar,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 nepravideln\u00e9 okraje,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 nepravideln\u00fa farbu,<\/li><li>m\u00e1 viac ako 6 mm,<\/li><li>svrb\u00ed, hnis\u00e1 alebo krv\u00e1ca.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a nejedn\u00e1 sa iba o vidite\u013en\u00e9 znaky, ako je farba o\u010d\u00ed alebo vlasov. Jedn\u00e1 sa aj o skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1chylnosti k r\u00f4znym zdravotn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom, ako je napr\u00edklad melan\u00f3m. Dnes u\u017e m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s mo\u017enos\u0165 odhali\u0165 tieto skryt\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie, v\u010faka \u010domu m\u00f4\u017eeme upravi\u0165 svoje spr\u00e1vanie pod\u013ea individu\u00e1lnych potrieb. <strong>V\u010faka <a href=\"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/produkt\/dna-complex-test\/\">DNA anal\u00fdze<\/a> spozn\u00e1te svoje genetick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie a budete m\u00f4c\u0165 za\u010da\u0165 s efekt\u00edvnou prevenciou v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre v\u00e1s najrizikovej\u0161ie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, ako vyzeraj\u00fa v\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy DNA, odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u00e1m nahliadnu\u0165 do n\u00e1\u0161ho DEMO \u00fa\u010dtu, v ktorom si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 vzorov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u0161etk\u00fdch DNA testov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/app.dnaera.sk\/sign-in?demo=true&amp;lng=sk\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/3fVpaynoVKcNbCOkRA6tD8VRsYNskUeGP6vUXzI809yv-kNzvJpKFyV6MmdJIHaLPfwUJqEcyewkJ3l7pvMIb3UHQwgzykhcvSuhlkzHi6nuIDbU_GH2PNUSzcPaNfg8ZQKhOSgoP-hIFTspiUqUwFA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zdroje<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Miller, A. J., &amp; Mihm Jr, M. C. (2006). Melanoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(1), 51-65.<\/li><li>Schadendorf, D., van Akkooi, A. C., Berking, C., Griewank, K. G., Gutzmer, R., Hauschild, A., &#8230; &amp; Ugurel, S. (2018). Melanoma. The Lancet, 392(10151), 971-984.<\/li><li>Tsao, H., Gabree, M. J., &amp; Atkins, M. B. (2010). Inherited susceptibility to melanoma. Available [with UpToDate subscription] at: http:\/\/www. uptodate. com\/patients\/content\/topic.<\/li><li>Mucci, L. A., Hjelmborg, J. B., Harris, J. R., Czene, K., Havelick, D. J., Scheike, T., &#8230; &amp; Kaprio, J. (2016). Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic countries. Jama, 315(1), 68-76.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curemelanoma.org\/about-melanoma\/melanoma-staging\/melanoma-survival-rates\/\">https:\/\/www.curemelanoma.org\/about-melanoma\/melanoma-staging\/melanoma-survival-rates\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facingourrisk.org\/info\/hereditary-cancer-and-genetic-testing\/hereditary-cancer\/genes-and-cancer\">https:\/\/www.facingourrisk.org\/info\/hereditary-cancer-and-genetic-testing\/hereditary-cancer\/genes-and-cancer<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S pr\u00edchodom letn\u00fdch mesiacov sa sp\u00e1ja viacero pozit\u00edv. Tepl\u00e9 po\u010dasie n\u00e1s l\u00e1ka tr\u00e1vi\u0165 viac \u010dasu vonku a oddychova\u0165 na dovolenk\u00e1ch v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta. Je v\u0161ak ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 myslie\u0165 aj na rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 so sebou toto obdobie prin\u00e1\u0161a. Jedn\u00fdm z najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch riz\u00edk je zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my pod pojmom \u201emelan\u00f3m\u201c, niekedy nespr\u00e1vne ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1369015,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,59],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1368972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test"],"acf":[],"views":2725,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1368972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1368972"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1368972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1369020,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1368972\/revisions\/1369020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1369015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1368972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1368972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1368972"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1368972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}