{"id":1367161,"date":"2022-04-05T13:42:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T11:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/?p=1367161"},"modified":"2023-04-17T09:21:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:21:52","slug":"precitanie-celeho-genomu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/blog\/precitanie-celeho-genomu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedcom sa podarilo pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 cel\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd gen\u00f3m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Veda neust\u00e1le napreduje a my v DNA ERA s \u0148ou dr\u017e\u00edme krok. Sledujeme najnov\u0161ie vedeck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 pravidelne prostredn\u00edctvom aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a> zapracov\u00e1vame do n\u00e1\u0161ho vyhodnocovacieho softv\u00e9ru. A rovnako v\u00e1s, nad\u0161encov vedy, ktor\u00ed chc\u00fa pre svoje zdravie urobi\u0165 viac, informujeme o prelomov\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch objavoch. Vedcom sa pred p\u00e1r d\u0148ami podarilo pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 cel\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd g\u00e9nom, \u010do zna\u010dne ovplyvn\u00ed bud\u00facnos\u0165 genetiky a anal\u00fdzy DNA.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V prest\u00ed\u017enom vedeckom \u010dasopise Science bola pred p\u00e1r d\u0148ami publikovan\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia, v ktorej medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd t\u00edm vedcov opisuje po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t kompletne osekvenovan\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd gen\u00f3m<\/a>, \u010do je celkov\u00fd s\u00fabor genetick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v na\u0161om organizme. \u013dudsk\u00fd gen\u00f3m je tvoren\u00fd pribli\u017ene 3 miliardami stavebn\u00fdch blokov, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa p\u00e1ry chemick\u00fdch b\u00e1z, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me pod p\u00edsmenami A, G, C a T. V gen\u00f3me sa okrem in\u00e9ho nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj tak\u00e9 oblasti, ktor\u00e9 v sebe nes\u00fa inform\u00e1cie na tvorbu produktov, vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov prote\u00ednov. Tieto oblasti vol\u00e1me g\u00e9ny a v \u013eudskom gen\u00f3me sa ich nach\u00e1dza pribli\u017ene 20 000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pokrok od roku 2003<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e v roku 2003 bol s\u00edce dokon\u010den\u00fd projekt osekvenovania prv\u00e9ho \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu, nebol v\u0161ak pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd \u00faplne cel\u00fd, a to kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee sekvena\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie v tom \u010dase neboli schopn\u00e9 pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 jeho ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasti. To vo v\u00fdsledku viedlo k tomu, \u017ee e\u0161te dlh\u00fdch takmer 20 rokov potom sme nemali obraz o tom, ako presne vyzer\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 8 % \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do to ale trvalo tak dlho, a to napriek tomu, \u017ee cena za sekvenovanie jedn\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu klesla zo stoviek mili\u00f3nov na nieko\u013eko stoviek eur? Odpove\u010f sa nach\u00e1dza v sp\u00f4sobe, ak\u00fdm funguje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dnes vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch sekven\u00e1torov. V jednoduchosti sa ve\u013emi dlh\u00e1 DNA rozstrih\u00e1 na mnoho mal\u00fdch \u00fasekov, tie sa pre\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa a n\u00e1sledne sa skladaj\u00fa ako tak\u00e9 puzzle. To pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu gen\u00f3mu funguje dobre, av\u0161ak nie pre oblasti, ktor\u00e9 napr\u00edklad obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea rovnak\u00fdch opakuj\u00facich sa sekvenci\u00ed. V posledn\u00fdch rokoch v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k v\u00fdvoju ve\u013emi presn\u00fdch sekvena\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 aj ve\u013emi dlh\u00e9 \u00faseky DNA.<\/strong> V\u010faka tomu sa nakoniec vedcom podarilo odhali\u0165 aj dovtedy skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1kutia \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do by n\u00e1s mala t\u00e1to spr\u00e1va zauj\u00edma\u0165? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, t\u00fdchto ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich 8 % gen\u00f3mu nebolo prehliadan\u00fdch kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee by neboli zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, ale kv\u00f4li limit\u00e1ci\u00e1m v oblasti technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. V\u010faka technologick\u00e9mu pokroku sa podarilo odhali\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie sekvencie o ve\u013ekosti pribli\u017ene 200 mili\u00f3nov b\u00e1zov\u00fdch p\u00e1rov, o ktor\u00fdch sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 a\u017e takmer 100 nov\u00fdch prote\u00edn-k\u00f3duj\u00facich g\u00e9nov. Tento \u00faspech pom\u00f4\u017ee na\u0161tartova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa prep\u00e1janiu rozdielov na \u00farovni DNA s rozdielmi na \u00farovni vidite\u013en\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, \u010di znakov. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm objavom v r\u00f4znych oblastiach, vr\u00e1tane lep\u0161ieho pochopenia starnutia, neurodegenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed, \u010di rakoviny.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Nurk, S., Koren, S., Rhie, A., Rautiainen, M., Bzikadze, A. V., Mikheenko, A., … & Phillippy, A. M. (2022). The complete sequence of a human genome. Science, 376(6588), 44-53.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zdroje fotografi\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/free-photo\/dna-closely_922865.htm#query=dna&position=0&from_view=search<\/a><\/li>
    2. https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/free-photo\/scientist-looking-through-microscopic-lens-work-experiment-using-microscope-analyze-dna-with-selective-focus-laboratory-biologist-working-with-magnifying-glass-close-up_21516103.htm#query=dna%20laboratory&position=22&from_view=search<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Veda neust\u00e1le napreduje a my v DNA ERA s \u0148ou dr\u017e\u00edme krok. Sledujeme najnov\u0161ie vedeck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 pravidelne prostredn\u00edctvom aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed zapracov\u00e1vame do n\u00e1\u0161ho vyhodnocovacieho softv\u00e9ru. A rovnako v\u00e1s, nad\u0161encov vedy, ktor\u00ed chc\u00fa pre svoje zdravie urobi\u0165 viac, informujeme o prelomov\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch objavoch. Vedcom sa pred p\u00e1r d\u0148ami podarilo pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 cel\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd g\u00e9nom, \u010do zna\u010dne ovplyvn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1367163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,59],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1367161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test"],"acf":[],"views":1106,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1367161"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1367181,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367161\/revisions\/1367181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1367163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1367161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1367161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1367161"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1367161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}