{"id":1370255,"date":"2022-10-05T14:08:10","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T12:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/hu\/?p=1370255"},"modified":"2023-04-17T09:21:48","modified_gmt":"2023-04-17T07:21:48","slug":"nobelova-cena-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/hu\/blog\/nobelova-cena-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu bola udelen\u00e1 za objavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa gen\u00f3mov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u00e1\u0161 intern\u00fd genetick\u00fd t\u00edm sleduje novinky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa vedeck\u00e9ho poznania v oblasti genetiky. Aj v\u010faka tomu m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aktu\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie do v\u00fdsledkov ich <\/em>anal\u00fdzy DNA<\/em><\/a>. Neunikla n\u00e1m v\u0161ak ani t\u00e1to novinka. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu bola udelen\u00e1 profesorovi Svantemu P\u00e4\u00e4bovi, za jeho objavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa gen\u00f3mov vyhynut\u00fdch homininov a \u013eudskej evol\u00facie. Vedeli ste, \u017ee DNA na\u0161ich vyhynut\u00fdch predkov ovplyv\u0148uje zdravie \u013eud\u00ed aj dnes?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrime sa do hist\u00f3rie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Druhom, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa evolu\u010dne bl\u00edzke \u010dloveku, hovor\u00edme hominini. Anatomicky modern\u00fd \u010dlovek Homo sapiens<\/em> pri\u0161iel p\u00f4vodne z Afriky na Stredn\u00fd v\u00fdchod pred 70 000 rokmi , odkia\u013e sa roz\u0161\u00edril do zvy\u0161ku sveta. Na \u00fazem\u00ed Eur\u00f3py a Z\u00e1padnej \u00c1zie v\u0161ak u\u017e \u017eili na\u0161i najbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed Neandert\u00e1lci, ktor\u00ed vyhynuli pred 30 000 rokmi. Tieto dva druhy v\u0161ak v  Euro\u00e1zii koexistovali desiatky tis\u00edc rokov a d\u00f4kaz o na\u0161om spolu\u017eit\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed v na\u0161ej DNA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj ke\u010f bolo stanovenie sekvencie \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu nesmierne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, stanovenie sekvencie DNA Neandert\u00e1lcov sa spo\u010diatku zdalo takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9. D\u00f4vodom bola chemick\u00e1 modifik\u00e1cia a rozpad DNA na kr\u00e1tke fragmenty, ale aj kontamin\u00e1cia s DNA poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facou z bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, \u017eij\u00facich na vzork\u00e1ch a modernou DNA archeol\u00f3gov a v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Napriek ve\u013ekej technickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti publikoval profesor P\u00e4\u00e4bo v roku 2010 prv\u00fd gen\u00f3m Neandert\u00e1lca. Jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm objavom bolo n\u00e1jdenie doposia\u013e nezn\u00e1meho vyhynut\u00e9ho predka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, tzv. Denisovanov, ktor\u00ed s Homo sapiens <\/em>spoluna\u017e\u00edvali v oblasti V\u00fdchodnej Euro\u00e1zie. V\u00fdsledkom tohto spoluna\u017e\u00edvania je, \u017ee 1 – 4 % gen\u00f3mu modern\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed z Eur\u00f3py a \u00c1zie je neandert\u00e1lskeho p\u00f4vodu a obyvatelia niektor\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed Juhov\u00fdchodnej \u00c1zie nes\u00fa a\u017e 6 % DNA Denisovanov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to paleogenomika a \u010d\u00edm sa zaober\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto objavov a nov\u00fdch technick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 priniesol profesor Svante P\u00e4\u00e4bo, vznikol nov\u00fd vedeck\u00fd odbor – paleogenomika. T\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 nie len sk\u00faman\u00edm gen\u00f3mov na\u0161ich vyhynut\u00fdch predkov, ale aj lep\u0161\u00edm pochopen\u00edm migr\u00e1cie a evol\u00facie dne\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DNA vyhynut\u00fdch predkov ovplyv\u0148uje aj zdravie s\u00fa\u010dasnej popul\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Paleogenomika je zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 aj z poh\u013eadu s\u00fa\u010dasnej medic\u00edny, preto\u017ee sekvencie DNA, z\u00edskan\u00e9 od na\u0161ich vyhynut\u00fdch predkov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj zdravie s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Jedn\u00fdm z pr\u00edkladov je verzia g\u00e9nu EPAS1 prebrat\u00e1 od Denisovanov, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje v\u00fdhodu pre \u017eivot vo vysok\u00fdch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach a je be\u017en\u00e1 u Tibe\u0165anov.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od Neandert\u00e1lcov sme zasa prebrali niektor\u00e9 g\u00e9ny, ktor\u00e9 sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na odpovedi imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na r\u00f4zne typy infekci\u00ed. Medzi ne patr\u00ed aj genetick\u00fd variant, ktor\u00fd a\u017e trikr\u00e1t zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165 potreby umelej p\u013e\u00facnej ventil\u00e1cie pri infekcii v\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje ochorenie Covid-19<\/strong>. Vo svojej lekcii v roku 2022 profesor P\u00e4\u00e4bo uviedol, \u017ee pribli\u017ene jeden mili\u00f3n \u013eud\u00ed zomrelo po\u010das pand\u00e9mie pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li tomuto variantu poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facemu od na\u0161ich Neandert\u00e1lskych predkov. Jeho \u0161t\u00fadia z\u00e1rove\u0148 odhalila, \u017ee v Eur\u00f3pe nesie tento variant 1 zo 6 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do m\u00e1 zo zdravotn\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu zmysel porovn\u00e1va\u0165 DNA s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed s predkami<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Porovnanie sekvencie na\u0161ej DNA s DNA d\u00e1vno vyhynut\u00fdch predkov n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha odhali\u0165, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa rozdiely medzi s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00e9 za n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 na r\u00f4zne ochorenia, ale aj evolu\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1s robia jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spoznajte svoje genetick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie aj vy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

DNA anal\u00fdza sa zameriava na va\u0161e genetick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie a najm\u00e4 to, ako ich viete zmenou \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu ovplyvni\u0165 k lep\u0161iemu.<\/strong> Ak chcete vedie\u0165, ak\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa zdravia, metabolizmu, v\u00fd\u017eivy, \u0161portu alebo vzh\u013eadu nesie va\u0161a DNA, vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte jeden z na\u0161ich DNA testov. Svoje g\u00e9ny m\u00f4\u017eete spozn\u00e1va\u0165 postupne. Vst\u00fapte do sveta DNA k\u00fapou ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek DNA testu a nesk\u00f4r si m\u00f4\u017eete svoje v\u00fdsledky roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 o nov\u00e9 oblasti<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/2022\/press-release\/<\/a><\/li>
  2. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/svante-paabo-wins-2022-nobel-prize-medicine-2022-10-03\/<\/a><\/li>
  3. https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/15451493\/neandertal-genes-covid19<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zdroje fotografi\u00ed: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/2022\/paabo\/facts\/<\/a><\/li>
    2. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/2022\/press-release\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      N\u00e1\u0161 intern\u00fd genetick\u00fd t\u00edm sleduje novinky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa vedeck\u00e9ho poznania v oblasti genetiky. Aj v\u010faka tomu m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aktu\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie do v\u00fdsledkov ich anal\u00fdzy DNA. Neunikla n\u00e1m v\u0161ak ani t\u00e1to novinka. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu bola udelen\u00e1 profesorovi Svantemu P\u00e4\u00e4bovi, za jeho objavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa gen\u00f3mov vyhynut\u00fdch homininov a \u013eudskej evol\u00facie. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1370258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[60,63],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1370255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-genetika","tag-zaujimavosti"],"acf":[],"views":555,"yoast_head":"\nNobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu | DNA ERA | blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bola udelen\u00e1 Svantemu P\u00e4\u00e4bovi, za objavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa gen\u00f3mov vyhynut\u00fdch homininov a \u013eudskej evol\u00facie. 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