{"id":1383805,"date":"2024-07-01T14:16:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T12:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/?p=1383805"},"modified":"2026-01-28T16:04:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T15:04:11","slug":"5-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-testovani-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/blog\/5-veci-ktere-byste-meli-vedet-o-testovani-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"5 v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o testov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed rizika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159edch\u00e1zet onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a zachra\u0148ovat \u017eivoty. Technologie testov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA se l\u00e9ty zlep\u0161uj\u00ed a spolu s t\u00edm klesaj\u00ed i samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Australsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se rozhodla investovat do genomiky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e chce uskute\u010dnit univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed popula\u010dn\u00ed screening DNA.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rizika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad rakoviny, \u010di srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jen vzorek slin, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b krve. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v rodin\u00e1ch \u010dast\u00e1, prevenc\u00ed se jim d\u00e1 p\u0159edej\u00edt. Identifikace marker\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1te, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b, \u017ee jej dostanete. Je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k prevenci, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Prevence lze dos\u00e1hnout pravideln\u00fdmi kontrolami, zm\u011bnou \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, l\u00e9ky, nebo dokonce operacemi, kter\u00e9 riziko sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Tyto nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 oblast genomiky nab\u00edz\u00ed, by m\u011bly p\u0159in\u00e9st zm\u011bny v oblasti prevence ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje v\u0161ak \u0159ada v\u00fdzev. Pokud bychom poskytli anal\u00fdzu DNA milion\u016fm lid\u00ed, jsme p\u0159ipraveni poskytnout v\u0161em osob\u00e1m pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed slu\u017eby vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z testu? Mohlo by testov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobit v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e u\u017eitku a v\u00e9st k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 diagnostice? Cht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt lid\u00e9 testov\u00e1ni?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Koncepce screeningu DNA v populaci je skli\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, ale p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Zde je p\u011bt v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Anal\u00fdza DNA identifikuje riziko, nen\u00ed k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e1 koule<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Z testu DNA se nedozv\u00edme v\u0161echno. Test odhaduje riziko pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty, kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsobeny zm\u011bnami v jednom genu. Tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou odli\u0161n\u00e1 od jin\u00fdch chorob, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se genetick\u00e9 riziko hromad\u00ed ve stovk\u00e1ch gen\u016f a je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej p\u0159edv\u00eddat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi kandid\u00e1ty na anal\u00fdzu DNA pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy onkologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je rakovina prsu, kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00ed karcinom, ale i nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu \u010di r\u016fzn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 riziko pro tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je \u010dasto identifikov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b \u2013 po diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed rakoviny nebo po \u00famrt\u00ed na srde\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1stavu. Omezen\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty na zdrav\u00ed v praxi znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee testov\u00e1n\u00ed vybran\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se obvykle poskytuje pouze rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm, kde bylo v minulosti diagnostikov\u00e1no genetick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tis\u00edc\u016fm lid\u00ed chyb\u00ed testy DNA, kter\u00e9 by mohly zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivot, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zabr\u00e1nit stavu, kter\u00fd jim potenci\u00e1ln\u011b hroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Anal\u00fdza DNA by mohla zabr\u00e1nit r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm genetick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e dnes existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika mnoha genetick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad r\u016fzn\u00e9 programy pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika vzniku n\u011bkter\u00fdch rakovin. Tyto programy mohou odhalit p\u0159\u00edznaky v ran\u00e9m (a l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9m) stadiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes ji\u017e tak\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jsou k dispozici preventivn\u00ed operace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Anal\u00fdza DNA by mohla b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladov\u011b-efektivn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie byla po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na na australsk\u00e9 populaci. S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed budou m\u00edt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u\u017eitek z testov\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed lid\u00e9 ve v\u011bku 18-25 let (co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,6 milionu Australan\u016f). V\u00fdpo\u010dty p\u0159i modelov\u00e9m screeningu \u010dty\u0159 dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch onkologick\u00fdch gen\u016f uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jen tyto geny by zabr\u00e1nily 2 421 rakovin\u00e1m a zachr\u00e1nily by 1 270 \u017eivot\u016f v Austr\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i odhadovan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b 400 dolar\u016f za test by takov\u00e9 celoplo\u0161n\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1lo australskou vl\u00e1du kolem 600 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Odhady v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee screening by u\u0161et\u0159il p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f pou\u017eit\u00fdch na l\u00e9\u010dbu rakoviny. Pokud by se \u010d\u00e1stka za test DNA pohybovala na \u00farovni 200 dolar\u016f, \u00faspory n\u00e1klad\u016f na l\u00e9\u010dbu by p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eily n\u00e1klady na screening, u\u0161et\u0159ily vl\u00e1d\u011b pen\u00edze a hlavn\u011b by zachr\u00e1nily \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Anal\u00fdza DNA vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivoty a pen\u00edze, screening DNA vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 i etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed obavy ze ztr\u00e1ty \u201esoukrom\u00ed DNA\u201c, diskriminace v souvislosti s poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, nebo prost\u011b s \u201epr\u00e1vem nev\u011bd\u011bt\u201c. U testov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytnout nap\u0159\u00edklad i probl\u00e9m s otcovstv\u00edm. Etick\u00e9 postoje se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch, otev\u00edraj\u00ed nov\u00e1 t\u00e9mata a ot\u00e1zky, o kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba diskutovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Celoplo\u0161n\u00e1 anal\u00fdza DNA bude v budoucnosti re\u00e1ln\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S klesaj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1klady na test DNA se popula\u010dn\u00ed screening financovan\u00fd z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Kdy se podobnou ot\u00e1zkou bude zab\u00fdvat i vl\u00e1da na Slovensku je je\u0161t\u011b velmi sporn\u00e9. Av\u0161ak ji\u017e dnes m\u00e1te d\u00edky DNA ERA k dispozici testov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00fdch predispozic\u00ed k mnoh\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. http:\/\/theconversation.com\/population-dna-testing-for-disease-risk-is-coming-here-are-five-things-to-know-112522<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Anal\u00fdza DNA zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed rizika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159edch\u00e1zet onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a zachra\u0148ovat \u017eivoty. Technologie testov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA se l\u00e9ty zlep\u0161uj\u00ed a spolu s t\u00edm klesaj\u00ed i samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Australsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se rozhodla investovat do genomiky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e chce uskute\u010dnit univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed popula\u010dn\u00ed screening DNA. Ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rizika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad rakoviny, \u010di srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":876,"featured_media":1383806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[58,59],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1383805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test"],"acf":[],"views":5248,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/876"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1383805"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1383808,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383805\/revisions\/1383808"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1383806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1383805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1383805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1383805"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1383805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}