{"id":1352569,"date":"2025-03-11T09:55:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T08:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/?p=1352569"},"modified":"2026-01-23T15:43:27","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T14:43:27","slug":"dulezite-vitaminy-a-mineraly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/blog\/dulezite-vitaminy-a-mineraly\/","title":{"rendered":"Kter\u00e9 vitam\u00edny a miner\u00e1ly ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e geny?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Doporu\u010den\u00ed a rady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se stravov\u00e1n\u00ed neplat\u00ed pro v\u0161echny stejn\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava a fyzick\u00e1 aktivita hraj\u00ed v p\u00e9\u010di o zdrav\u00ed nepopiratelnou roli. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ak mus\u00ed vyhovovat v\u0161em na 100 %. V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 a fyzick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby jednotlivc\u016f se mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bku, pohlav\u00ed a zdravotn\u00edm stavu, ale tak\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch genech, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me v na\u0161\u00ed DNA. Anal\u00fdza genetick\u00e9 predispozice v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci odpov\u011bd\u011bt na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se hladiny miner\u00e1l\u016f a vitam\u00edn\u016f ve va\u0161em t\u011ble. V\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy DNA uk\u00e1\u017eou, kter\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 a zdravotn\u00ed parametry se mohou od normy odchyluje a kter\u00e9 z nich by m\u011bly b\u00fdt potvrzeny testy nebo podrobeny zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 prevenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak na\u0161e geny ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eiviny v t\u011ble? P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u017delezo <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u017delezo je jedn\u00edm z miner\u00e1l\u016f nezbytn\u00fdch pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho t\u011bla. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha b\u00edlkovin, v\u010detn\u011b hemoglobinu, kter\u00fd je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za transport kysl\u00edku z plic do v\u0161ech bun\u011bk v t\u011ble, a myoglobinu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sval\u016fm p\u0159ij\u00edmat kysl\u00edk z krve. An\u00e9mie nebo nedostatek \u017eeleza je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nutri\u010dn\u00edch nedostatk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli je \u017eelezo nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stravy, jeho nadm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00fd pro zdrav\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 polymorfismy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou absorpci \u017eeleza, co\u017e vede k jeho nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu nahromad\u011bn\u00ed i p\u0159es konzumov\u00e1n\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed ve strav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hemochromat\u00f3za, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 nadm\u011brn\u00fdm vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza v tenk\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b, je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch genetick\u00fdch chorob. Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se vyv\u00edj\u00ed postupn\u011b, a proto se obvykle projevuje a\u017e po 40. roce v\u011bku. M\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k po\u0161kozen\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f, cirh\u00f3ze jater, hepatocelul\u00e1rn\u00edmu karcinomu a cukrovce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na pr\u016fb\u011bh hemochromat\u00f3zy. Vzhledem k nespecifick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm je toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto diagnostikov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b. Anal\u00fdza DNA v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci odhalit tento potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m nebo poskytnout odpov\u011bdi na to, zda jsou va\u0161i potomci ohro\u017eeni. V\u010dasn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba je velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee zcela zastavit po\u0161kozen\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f, co\u017e v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00e9st norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 % na\u0161\u00ed populace je nositelem tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee j\u00edm netrp\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee ho p\u0159en\u00e9st na sv\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vitam\u00edn D<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedna miliarda lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b trp\u00ed nedostatkem vitam\u00ednu D. Tento probl\u00e9m postihuje a\u017e 40 % Evropan\u016f. Jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed tohoto vitam\u00ednu je podpora vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku ze st\u0159eva do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Vitamin D je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro udr\u017een\u00ed konstantn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy v\u00e1pn\u00edku a fosforu v krvi, co\u017e ho \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdm pro mineralizaci kost\u00ed a zub\u016f. P\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 k spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko deprese. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed by m\u011bli denn\u011b konzumovat alespo\u0148 1000\u20132000 IU vitam\u00ednu D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znalost va\u0161\u00ed genetick\u00e9 predispozice k n\u00edzk\u00e9 hladin\u011b vitam\u00ednu D v krvi v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee motivovat k pe\u010dliv\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jeho hladiny b\u011bhem l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 udr\u017eovat adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed hladinu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm stravy a vystaven\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vitam\u00ednu D m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dopln\u011bn\u00ed stravy nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak zajistit adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed hladinu, zejm\u00e9na v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy slunce nesv\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho lid\u00ed m\u00e1 predispozici ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pot\u0159eb\u011b omega-3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku, imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a ob\u011bhov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lidsk\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m chr\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161e t\u011blo nejen p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi patogeny, jako jsou bakterie a viry, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed vnit\u0159n\u00edm po\u0161kozen\u00edm a dysfunkc\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed. Jednou z prvn\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch bari\u00e9r je z\u00e1n\u011bt, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vrozen\u00e9 imunity. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v regulaci z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce hraje cytokin TNF (faktor n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 nekr\u00f3zy). Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee polymorfismy v genu k\u00f3duj\u00edc\u00edm tento cytokin ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jeho hladinu. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace cytokin\u016f mohou v\u00e9st k nadm\u011brn\u00fdm z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdm reakc\u00edm, \u00fanav\u011b, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku cukrovky a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a pomalej\u0161\u00edmu zotaven\u00ed po cvi\u010den\u00ed. Omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed sni\u017eovat takov\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty v t\u011ble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doporu\u010den\u00fd denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem omega-3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin je 1,6 g pro mu\u017ee a 1,1 g pro \u017eeny. Pokud m\u00e1te predispozice k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho cytokinu TNF, doporu\u010duje se zv\u00fd\u0161it d\u00e1vku na 3 g denn\u011b, a pokud m\u00e1te predispozice k m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m, na 2 g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk je mikroelement, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u0161ude, a\u0165 u\u017e na zemi, v oce\u00e1nech, rostlin\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Asi 60 % ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v na\u0161em t\u011ble se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v kostech a zbytek ve svalech, m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch a tekutin\u00e1ch v\u010detn\u011b krve. Koncentrace ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v krvi je spojena s polymorfismy v mnoha genech.\n\nHo\u0159\u010d\u00edk hraje roli v biochemick\u00fdch reakc\u00edch, kde p\u016fsob\u00ed jako kofaktor nebo \u201epomocn\u00e1 molekula\u201c. Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 reakc\u00edch v t\u011ble. Prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e1 bu\u0148ka v na\u0161em t\u011ble pot\u0159ebuje ke sv\u00e9mu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk. Hladinu ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v krvi reguluj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ledviny. Podle v\u011bdeck\u00fdch zdroj\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 % lid\u00ed v USA a Evrop\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e je doporu\u010den\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku denn\u011b. Jeho nedostatek m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k mnoha zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako jsou poruchy srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu, svalov\u00e9 k\u0159e\u010de (hlavn\u011b po intenzivn\u00edm tr\u00e9ninku), nespavost \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost. Doporu\u010den\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku je 400\u2013420 mg pro mu\u017ee a 310\u2013320 mg pro \u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Manousaki, D., Mitchell, R., Dudding, T., Haworth, S., Harroud, A., Forgetta, V., \u2026 & Richards, J. B. (2020). Genome-wide association study for vitamin D levels reveals 69 independent loci. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 106(3), 327-337.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Revez, J. A., Lin, T., Qiao, Z., Xue, A., Holtz, Y., Zhu, Z., \u2026 & McGrath, J. J. (2020). Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Cheng, Y. C., Huang, Y. C., & Huang, W. L. (2020). The effect of vitamin D supplement on negative emotions: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Depression and anxiety, 37(6), 549-564.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminD-HealthProfessional\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Benyamin, B., McRae, A. F., Zhu, G., Gordon, S., Henders, A. K., Palotie, A., \u2026 & Visscher, P. M. (2009). Variants in TF and HFE explain 40% of genetic variation in serum-transferrin levels. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 84(1), 60-65.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Pei, S. N., Ma, M. C., You, H. L., Fu, H. C., Kuo, C. Y., Rau, K. M., \u2026 & Lee, C. T. (2014). TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism influences the susceptibility to iron deficiency anemia in women at reproductive age. International journal of medical sciences, 11(6), 614.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Coates, T. D., & Cazzola, M. (2019). Introduction to a review series on iron metabolism and its disorders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Simopoulos, A. P. (2002). Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Journal of the American College of nutrition, 21(6), 495-505.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. De Luis, D. A., Aller, R., Izaola, O., & Romero, E. (2016). Association of the TNF-alpha-308 G\/A polymorphisms with metabolic responses secondary to a high protein\/low carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet. Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria, 33(3), 602-608.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Meyer, T. E., Verwoert, G. C., Hwang, S. J., Glazer, N. L., Smith, A. V., Van Rooij, F. J., \u2026 & Harris, T. B. (2010). Genome-wide association studies of serum magnesium, potassium, and sodium concentrations identify six Loci influencing serum magnesium levels. PLoS genetics, 6(8).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zdroje fotografi\u00ed: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Photo by Andrea Piacquadio<\/a> from Pexels<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Photo by\u00a0Daria Shevtsova<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0Pexels<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Doporu\u010den\u00ed a rady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se stravov\u00e1n\u00ed neplat\u00ed pro v\u0161echny stejn\u011b Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava a fyzick\u00e1 aktivita hraj\u00ed v p\u00e9\u010di o zdrav\u00ed nepopiratelnou roli. Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ak mus\u00ed vyhovovat v\u0161em na 100 %. V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 a fyzick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby jednotlivc\u016f se mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bku, pohlav\u00ed a zdravotn\u00edm stavu, ale tak\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch genech, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":873,"featured_media":1383743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[58,59],"place-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1352569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs","tag-dna-analyza","tag-dna-test"],"acf":[],"views":1095,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/873"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1352569"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1383744,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352569\/revisions\/1383744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1383743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1352569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1352569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1352569"},{"taxonomy":"place-taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dnaera.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/place-taxonomy?post=1352569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}